Data Protection Resources

Everything you need to know about data protection compliance across Turkey, the EU, the UK, and Switzerland.

Practical Compliance Guides

Clear explanations of external DPOs, representatives, Swiss FADP, and incident response for teams making cross-border privacy decisions.

Privacy governance planning for an external Data Protection Officer engagement

Pricing guide · EU and UK

External Data Protection Officer Costs: Plans, Billing and Scope

Our EU Data Protection Officer Growth plan starts at €249 per month with annual billing, paid as €2,988 per year. Compare the full payment schedule, included work, and support capacity before choosing a plan.

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Independent oversight and reporting routes for a Data Protection Officer

Appointment guide · Governance

Internal vs External Data Protection Officer: Which Fits Your Business?

An internal and an external Data Protection Officer perform the same statutory role. The better choice depends on independence, relevant expertise, access to the organisation, available capacity, and a reporting arrangement that works in practice.

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A cross-border contact route between a US software business and the European Union

US SaaS · Appointment playbook

Appointing an EU Representative for a US SaaS Company

A US SaaS company should assess its EU establishment, territorial scope, and Article 27 exceptions before appointing a representative. Once the requirement is established, the work is to put a written mandate and a functioning EU contact route in place.

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Separate representative and advisory responsibilities in a Swiss privacy programme

Swiss FADP · Decision guide

Swiss Representative or Data Protection Adviser: A Practical Decision Guide

Swiss representation and privacy advice solve different problems. A foreign private controller should test all four Article 14 conditions for representation, then separately decide what advisory support it needs for its processing and compliance work.

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Planning the mandate and local correspondence for a Turkish data controller representative

Türkiye · Foreign company guide

KVKK Representative for Foreign Companies: Appointment and VERBİS

Foreign data controllers should assess their Turkish registration and representation duties before processing starts. Where registration is required, the representative supports the local VERBİS and correspondence arrangements; the foreign controller remains responsible for its processing.

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Privacy team mapping responsibilities around a central data protection shield

EU GDPR · External DPO

External DPO Services: What Do They Include?

An external DPO service can provide independent advice, monitoring, DPIA input, training, and authority contact under a defined service arrangement. It does not transfer the organisation's accountability or make every privacy decision on its behalf.

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Independent privacy oversight model with connected governance and review cards

EU GDPR · Role guide

What Is an External Data Protection Officer?

An external Data Protection Officer is an independent DPO provided through a service arrangement. The role is defined by the organisation's processing, not by whether the DPO sits inside the company or outside it.

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Ongoing privacy support workflow connecting review, communication, and governance

Privacy governance · DPO support

External DPO Support: What Your Privacy Team Can Expect

External DPO support should make an existing privacy function more effective without weakening the DPO's independence. The most useful support connects advice to decisions, owners, evidence, and follow-up.

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Abstract bridge connecting city networks to a local privacy contact

EU GDPR · Article 27

Article 27 Representative: A Practical GDPR Guide

An Article 27 representative is a local EU contact for certain controllers and processors not established in the Union. The requirement depends on the GDPR territorial-scope assessment and statutory exceptions; it is not a blanket rule for every non-EU company.

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Cross-border representative service route leading to a documented local contact

EU GDPR · Representative services

GDPR Representative Services: What Is Included?

GDPR representative services should turn a legal contact requirement into a monitored, documented route for authority and data-subject communications. The provider's mandate, capacity, and boundaries matter as much as its location.

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Two separate privacy pathways for cross-border representative decisions

EU and UK GDPR · Comparison

EU or UK Representative? A Guide for US Companies

A US company may need to assess EU and UK representative obligations separately. One appointment does not automatically cover both regimes, and the correct answer depends on territorial scope, establishments, exceptions, and the people affected.

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Swiss alpine landscape behind a privacy folder and protection shield

Switzerland · Swiss FADP

Swiss FADP Representative: Article 14 Explained

Article 14 FADP can require a foreign private controller to appoint a representative in Switzerland when four statutory conditions are met. The representative is a contact point for data subjects and the FDPIC, not a replacement for the controller.

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Two distinct Swiss privacy role paths for representation and advisory support

Switzerland · Role comparison

Swiss FADP Representative vs Data Protection Adviser

A Swiss FADP representative and a data protection adviser solve different problems. One creates a local contact route; the other provides advice and programme support. A careful assessment may point to one, both, or neither.

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Incident response timeline with evidence cards and a protection shield

Incident response · Privacy operations

Data Breach Management Services: What Happens After an Incident?

Data breach management services provide a structured privacy workstream alongside technical containment. The aim is to establish facts, assess risk, record decisions, coordinate communications, and keep the organisation's responsibilities visible as the incident develops.

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Downloadable Product Checklists

Practical 2,000+ word guides for every DPO, representative, adviser, and privacy check-up product. Complete the short form on each guide to unlock its private PDF download.