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Data Protection Resources

Everything you need to know about data protection compliance across Turkey, the EU, the UK, and Switzerland.

Choose a service after reading

Use the guides below to assess your obligations, then compare the relevant appointment and service scope.

EU GDPR representative

Article 27 contact and appointment for qualifying non-EU organisations.

UK GDPR representative

A separate UK contact arrangement where the UK rules require one.

EU external DPO

Independent GDPR advice and monitoring under a defined service contract.

UK external DPO

UK DPO oversight, DPIA input and a route to senior management.

Swiss FADP representative

Article 14 assessment and a Swiss contact where the conditions apply.

Türkiye data controller representative

KVKK and VERBİS representation for foreign controllers where required.

Featured Articles

Compliance Guide

GDPR Representative for US Companies: Do You Need One?

Learn how Article 3(2) territorial scope and Article 27 exceptions affect a United States-based company, and which facts to document before choosing a representative.

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Abstract route connecting a US software company to a local EU privacy contact

Practical Compliance Guides

Clear explanations of external DPOs, representatives, Swiss FADP, and incident response for teams making cross-border privacy decisions.

Original DPIA review illustration showing a processing change, risk matrix and evidence trail
DPIA · Review checklist

DPIA Review Checklist: How to Review an Existing Assessment

To review an existing DPIA, compare its description with today's processing, test necessity and proportionality, reassess risks to people, verify safeguards and record every unresolved decision. A dated approval alone is not evidence that the assessment still fits.

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Original DSAR workflow illustration from request intake through search, review and secure response
UK GDPR · Rights requests

How to Respond to a UK DSAR: A Workflow for Employers and SaaS Teams

When a UK subject access request arrives, log it, establish the requester and scope, calculate the applicable deadline, search reasonably and proportionately, review third-party information and exemptions, then respond securely with a decision record.

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Original diagram of UK data hosting and three different offshore access paths
UK GDPR · International transfers

Offshore Data Processing under UK GDPR: Remote Access, IDTA and the Addendum

UK hosting does not settle the transfer question. If an overseas organisation can remotely access UK personal data, map the parties and apply the ICO's restricted-transfer test, then document any adequacy route, safeguard and data protection test that the facts require.

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Original EU SaaS launch illustration with privacy workstreams and owner handoffs
EU GDPR · SaaS launch

US SaaS Launching in Europe: A GDPR Readiness Checklist

For an EU launch, map each processing activity and the US company's controller or processor role, then prepare notices, customer and vendor terms, transfer arrangements, rights and incident workflows, and separate decisions on DPIA, DPO and Article 27 representation.

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Original staff training illustration with six role-based privacy scenario cards
UK GDPR · Staff training

GDPR Training for Staff: Role-Based Scenarios and a Training Record

Effective staff privacy training asks people to recognise a decision in their own workflow, choose a safe action and know when to escalate. These six scenarios provide discussion prompts and answer keys; attendance alone does not show that controls work.

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Original UK complaint procedure illustration showing intake, acknowledgement, investigation and outcome
UK · Complaints procedure

UK Data Protection Complaints Procedure: A Practical DUAA Checklist

A UK organisation should provide an accessible way to complain about its use of personal information, acknowledge a data protection complaint within 30 days, investigate appropriately and communicate the outcome without undue delay. The 30 days is an acknowledgement period, not a universal deadline to finish every case.

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Original comparison diagram showing GDPR personal-data scope and distinct Data Act connected-product and cloud-switching tracks
EU · Scope comparison

EU Data Act vs GDPR: What SaaS and Connected-Product Teams Must Separate

The GDPR governs processing of personal data. The EU Data Act adds rules for specified data access, use and cloud switching situations. A connected-product feature and a SaaS switching service raise different Data Act questions; personal data in either remains subject to GDPR.

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Original SaaS RoPA illustration comparing controller and processor record cards
EU GDPR · Processing records

RoPA Example for a SaaS Company: Controller and Processor Records

A SaaS company may act as controller for its own subscriber billing and as processor for customer content. Keep the records and role analysis separate. These filled examples show useful fields and owners; copying them does not prove that a real company's processing is documented.

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International privacy governance planning across several legal entities
Group governance · EU, UK, Switzerland and Türkiye

Group DPO for International Companies: A Jurisdiction Decision Guide

One group privacy contact can simplify coordination, but each entity and legal role still needs its own assessment. Use this matrix to define the mandate, capacity and country-specific work before appointing a provider.

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Privacy governance planning for an external Data Protection Officer engagement
Pricing guide · EU and UK

External Data Protection Officer Costs: Plans, Billing and Scope

Our EU Data Protection Officer Growth plan starts at €249 per month with annual billing, paid as €2,988 per year. Compare the full payment schedule, included work, and support capacity before choosing a plan.

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Independent oversight and reporting routes for a Data Protection Officer
Appointment guide · Governance

Internal vs External Data Protection Officer: Which Fits Your Business?

An internal and an external Data Protection Officer perform the same statutory role. The better choice depends on independence, relevant expertise, access to the organisation, available capacity, and a reporting arrangement that works in practice.

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A cross-border contact route between a US software business and the European Union
US SaaS · Appointment playbook

Appointing an EU Representative for a US SaaS Company

A US SaaS company should assess its EU establishment, territorial scope, and Article 27 exceptions before appointing a representative. Once the requirement is established, the work is to put a written mandate and a functioning EU contact route in place.

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Separate representative and advisory responsibilities in a Swiss privacy programme
Swiss FADP · Decision guide

Swiss Representative or Data Protection Adviser: A Practical Decision Guide

Swiss representation and privacy advice solve different problems. A foreign private controller should test all four Article 14 conditions for representation, then separately decide what advisory support it needs for its processing and compliance work.

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Planning the mandate and local correspondence for a Turkish data controller representative
Türkiye · Foreign company guide

KVKK Representative for Foreign Companies: Appointment and VERBİS

Foreign data controllers should assess their Turkish registration and representation duties before processing starts. Where registration is required, the representative supports the local VERBİS and correspondence arrangements; the foreign controller remains responsible for its processing.

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Privacy team mapping responsibilities around a central data protection shield
EU GDPR · External DPO

External DPO Services: What Do They Include?

An external DPO service can provide independent advice, monitoring, DPIA input, training, and authority contact under a defined service arrangement. It does not transfer the organisation's accountability or make every privacy decision on its behalf.

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Independent privacy oversight model with connected governance and review cards
EU GDPR · Role guide

What Is an External Data Protection Officer?

An external Data Protection Officer is an independent DPO provided through a service arrangement. The role is defined by the organisation's processing, not by whether the DPO sits inside the company or outside it.

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Ongoing privacy support workflow connecting review, communication, and governance
Privacy governance · Flexible DPO support

External and Ad Hoc DPO Support for Privacy Teams

An appointed external DPO and ad hoc privacy support solve different needs. Compare the mandate, working rhythm and deliverables before choosing the arrangement that fits your current team.

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Abstract bridge connecting city networks to a local privacy contact
EU GDPR · Article 27

Article 27 Representative: A Practical GDPR Guide

An Article 27 representative is a local EU contact for certain controllers and processors not established in the Union. The requirement depends on the GDPR territorial-scope assessment and statutory exceptions; it is not a blanket rule for every non-EU company.

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Cross-border representative service route leading to a documented local contact
EU GDPR · Representative services

GDPR Representative Services: What Is Included?

GDPR representative services should turn a legal contact requirement into a monitored, documented route for authority and data-subject communications. The provider's mandate, capacity, and boundaries matter as much as its location.

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Two separate privacy pathways for cross-border representative decisions
EU and UK GDPR · Comparison

EU or UK Representative? A Guide for US Companies

A US company may need to assess EU and UK representative obligations separately. One appointment does not automatically cover both regimes, and the correct answer depends on territorial scope, establishments, exceptions, and the people affected.

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Swiss alpine landscape behind a privacy folder and protection shield
Switzerland · Swiss FADP

Swiss FADP Representative: Article 14 Explained

Article 14 FADP can require a foreign private controller to appoint a representative in Switzerland when four statutory conditions are met. The representative is a contact point for data subjects and the FDPIC, not a replacement for the controller.

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Two distinct Swiss privacy role paths for representation and advisory support
Switzerland · Role comparison

Swiss FADP Representative vs Data Protection Adviser

A Swiss FADP representative and a data protection adviser solve different problems. One creates a local contact route; the other provides advice and programme support. A careful assessment may point to one, both, or neither.

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Incident response timeline with evidence cards and a protection shield
Incident response · Privacy operations

Data Breach Management Services: What Happens After an Incident?

Data breach management services provide a structured privacy workstream alongside technical containment. The aim is to establish facts, assess risk, record decisions, coordinate communications, and keep the organisation's responsibilities visible as the incident develops.

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Downloadable Product Checklists

Practical 2,000+ word guides for every DPO, representative, adviser, and privacy check-up product. Complete the short form on each guide to unlock its private PDF download.

EU Data Privacy Check-Up evidence map showing a practical the EU GDPR workstream
the European Union

EU Data Privacy Check-Up checklist

4,385 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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EU Data Protection Officer evidence map showing a practical GDPR Articles 37–39 and the wider EU GDPR accountability framework workstream
the European Union

EU Data Protection Officer checklist

4,401 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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EU Article 27 Representative evidence map showing a practical GDPR Articles 3(2) and 27 workstream
the European Union

EU Article 27 Representative checklist

4,413 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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UK Data Privacy Check-Up evidence map showing a practical the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 context workstream
the United Kingdom

UK Data Privacy Check-Up checklist

4,401 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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UK Data Protection Officer evidence map showing a practical UK GDPR Articles 37–39 and the Data Protection Act 2018 context workstream
the United Kingdom

UK Data Protection Officer checklist

4,423 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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UK Article 27 Representative evidence map showing a practical UK GDPR Article 27 and the Data Protection Act 2018 context workstream
the United Kingdom

UK Article 27 Representative checklist

4,407 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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Swiss Data Privacy Check-Up evidence map showing a practical the revised Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP) workstream
Switzerland

Swiss Data Privacy Check-Up checklist

4,384 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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Swiss Article 14 FADP Representative evidence map showing a practical Article 14 and Article 15 of the Swiss FADP workstream
Switzerland

Swiss Article 14 FADP Representative checklist

4,440 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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Swiss FADP Data Protection Adviser evidence map showing a practical the revised Swiss FADP and associated Swiss accountability practices workstream
Switzerland

Swiss FADP Data Protection Adviser checklist

4,441 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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KVKK Data Privacy Check-Up evidence map showing a practical the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK) and related Board guidance workstream
Türkiye

KVKK Data Privacy Check-Up checklist

4,378 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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KVKK Data Controller Representative evidence map showing a practical the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK), VERBİS rules, and related Turkish Board guidance workstream
Türkiye

KVKK Data Controller Representative checklist

4,415 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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KVKK Compliance Adviser evidence map showing a practical the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK), VERBİS practices, and related Turkish Board guidance workstream
Türkiye

KVKK Compliance Adviser checklist

4,389 words · 5 unique visuals · gated PDF

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